Trade

Pink Book
UK Balance of Payments, an annual publication detailing the country's external economic affairs.
Double Coincidence of Wants
A fundamental concept in the barter system that refers to the challenge where two parties each hold an item the other wants, allowing them to engage in a direct exchange.
Specialization - Definition and Meaning
Understanding specialization in economics, where entities focus on producing specific goods and services while relying on others for what they do not produce.
Embargo
A prohibition on trading with a country, either generally or in particular goods.
Cabotage
The transport of goods within a country, typically subject to regulation requiring the use of domestic carriers.
Agricultural Protection
Exploring the mechanics and implications of governmental tariffs and trade controls aimed at supporting domestic farming sectors.
Absolute Advantage
The ability to produce an output using fewer inputs than other producers.
Autarchy
The state or condition of economic independence and self-sufficiency, characterized by the absence of trade.
Baltic Free Trade Agreement
Baltic Free Trade Agreement - A free trade agreement between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania established in 1993 and remaining in place until the three countries joined the European Union in 2004.
Boycott
An examination of the term 'boycott' in economic contexts, its origins, applications, and significance
Commodity
A comprehensive overview of commodities, standardized goods that are traded in bulk and whose units are interchangeable.
Commodity Agreement
An agreement among producing and/or consuming countries to regulate the output and price of a particular commodity.
Common Agricultural Policy
Detailed exploration of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union - its definition, context, impacts, and reforms.
Common External Tariff
The tariff charged on trade with non-members by all countries in a customs union or common market, often referring to the external tariff of the European Union.
Duties - Definition and Meaning
An exploration of various types of duties including anti-dumping duty, countervailing duty, customs duty, death duties, estate duty, excise duty, and stamp duty.
East India Company
An overview of the East India Company, its historical significance, and its impacts on global trade and economies.
economy
The system of activity connected with the production, trade, and consumption of goods and services of a region, country, or area.
Entrepôt
A place where goods are imported and re-exported without processing.
European Coal and Steel Community
A European body established in 1952 to create a common market for coal and steel among its member states.
Exchange
Understanding the concept of exchange in economics and its implications.
Export Concentration
An overview of the concept of export concentration, its definition, implications, and analytical frameworks.
Exportables
Goods and services of types which could be exported, whether they are in fact exported or not.
Exports
Goods and services produced in a country and sold to non-residents. Comprises visible and invisible exports, as well as capital exports.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
An in-depth look at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), its role, and significance in maintaining competition policy and protecting consumers.
Free on Board (F.O.B.)
A term referring to a quoted price for goods that are placed on a vessel by the seller, ready to leave a country.
Free Port
A seaport or airport where national tariffs are not levied to encourage entrepôt trade.
Globalization
A comprehensive overview of the term 'globalization' within the context of economics, detailing its meanings, impacts, and the associated economic theories and frameworks.
Gravity Model
Theory explaining contact between different locations using an inverse square law, applied in contexts such as consumer behavior and international trade.
Import Duty
Detailed explanation of Import Duty and its implications in economics
Inter-Industry Trade
Trading scenario where a country's exports and imports consist of different types of goods, built on differences in factor endowments.
International Economics
A comprehensive overview of international economics, its components, and its significance in global relations.
Invisible Balance
The balance of trade concerning services and intangible goods, distinguishing it from the trade of physical goods.
Market
A detailed entry about markets, encompassing its definitions, types, and significance in economics.
market access
The freedom to buy or sell in a market, potentially hindered by natural or institutional barriers.
Medium of Exchange
A detailed account of the concept of a medium of exchange in economics.
Multilateral Trade
Trade involving multiple countries where trade does not need to be balanced bilaterally, facilitated by convertible currencies.
Offer Curve
The locus of trading plans traced out as relative prices vary, reflecting optimal consumption or trade plans.
Phytosanitary Measures
An exploration of the meaning, relevance, and implications of phytosanitary measures in economics and trade.
Regional Trade Agreements
Agreements between groups of countries to trade with each other more freely than with the world in general.
Settlement
The act of completing the trade required in a contract to pay for or deliver goods, securities, or currency.
Standardized Commodity
A comprehensive overview of standardized commodities, including their definition, significance, and role in the market economy.
Technical Barriers to Trade
Examination and understanding of Technical Barriers to Trade in the context of global economics.
Trade
Understanding the exchange of goods and its foundational role in economic activity.
Trade Diversion
The economics term 'trade diversion,' highlighting its meaning, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
trade not aid
A slogan advocating trade liberalization over direct aid for the advancement of less developed countries (LDCs).
Transplant in Economics
Definition and explanation of the term 'transplant' in economics, focusing on its application to domestic production of formerly imported goods.
Voluntary Exchange
Detailed exploration of the concept of voluntary exchange within the field of economics.
European Economic Integration
An in-depth look at the process by which European countries are becoming more interconnected in terms of trade and finance, alongside other socio-economic aspects.