Statistics

Multicollinearity
An examination of multicollinearity within multiple regression analysis, its impacts, and possible remedies.
Multiple Regression
An overview of multiple regression, its definition, and its significance in economics.
Nested Models
Definition and meaning of nested models in econometrics
Non-Parametric Statistics
The branch of statistics concerned with non-parametric statistical models.
Normal Distribution
Definition of normal distribution in the context of economics and statistical analysis.
Normal Distribution
Definition of normal distribution in the context of economics and statistical analysis.
One-Tailed Test
A statistical test where the hypothesis is rejected only for sufficiently large or small values of the test statistic, when the direction of the effect is known beforehand.
Outlier
A statistical term referring to an observation that significantly deviates from the rest of the data.
p-value - Definition and Meaning
The probability that a random draw from the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis would take a value at least as great as the value of the test statistic computed from the sample; the smallest significance level of the test.
Partial Autocorrelation Coefficient
The definition and meaning of Partial Autocorrelation Coefficient in econometrics and time series analysis.
Partial Correlation
A measure of the degree of linear relationship between two variables after the effect of other variables has been removed.
Percentile
Definition and meaning of the term 'Percentile' in economics.
Power of a Test
In statistical inference, the probability that a test will reject the false null hypothesis.
predictor
An estimator of the value of the dependent variable given by the estimated regression equation
Principal Components Analysis
An analytical technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariable datasets through identifying principal components.
Probability Distribution
A detailed overview of probability distributions, their definitions, and relevance in various economic frameworks.
Proxy Variable
An economics definition highlighting the use of proxy variables for variables that cannot be measured directly.
Quantile
Quantile: Definition, meaning, and application in economic analysis.
Quota Sample - Definition and Meaning
A detailed exploration of quota sampling, its importance in statistical analysis and comparison with other sampling methods.
Random Error
A discrepancy between the observed value of a variable and its true value due to chance or imprecise measurement.
Random Sample
A random sample refers to a subset of individuals chosen from a larger set (population) where each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
Random Variable
A function that maps the outcomes of a random experiment onto the real numbers
Rank Correlation
An overview of rank correlation, a measure often utilized to evaluate the degree of similarity between two rankings used in various fields of economics and statistics.
Rejection Region
The rejection region is a statistical concept used in hypothesis testing, referring to the range of values that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Rejection Rule
A decision rule for rejecting the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative based on test statistics or p-values.
Relative Standard Error
A unit-free measure of the reliability of a statistic, defined by the absolute value of the ratio of the standard error to the sample estimate of the statistic, expressed as a percentage.
Residual Variation
Variation in the dependent variable not explained by the regression model, represented by the residuals of the regression
Right-Hand-Side Variable
Explanation of the term 'right-hand-side variable,' a term used in statistical regression analysis.
Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
An overview of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), including its definition, historical context, applications, and relevance in various economic theories.
Sample: Definition and Meaning
A detailed exploration of the term 'sample' in economic studies, its significance, and various analytical frameworks.
Sampling Distribution
An in-depth exploration of the term 'Sampling Distribution'—a fundamental concept in statistics and econometrics.
Scatter Diagram
A diagram depicting the relation between two characteristics of a set of observations.
Serial Correlation
Comprehensive entry on Serial Correlation, its meanings, context, and analytical frameworks in economics.
Significance Level
A comprehensive overview of the significance level, concept, and its implications in hypothesis testing.
Significance Test
An overview of significance tests, their formulation, and application in the context of linear regression models.
Skewness
A measure of the degree of asymmetry of the distribution of a random variable.
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
A comprehensive entry on the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient, its definition, applications, and significance in economics.
Spurious Correlation
A detailed examination of spurious correlation in statistics and economics.
Standard Deviation
Definition and comprehensive analysis of the standard deviation in economics.
Standard Error
Definition and meaning of the term 'Standard Error' in the context of economics and statistics.
Stationary Process
An in-depth look at the stationary process, including its definitions, major analytical frameworks, and historical context.
Statistics - Definition and Meaning
A branch of mathematics dealing with the methods for collection and analysis of data samples to infer properties of a broader population.
Stratified Sample
A method of sampling that involves dividing a population into subgroups and taking samples from each subgroup in proportion to their presence in the population.
Student’s t-Distribution
Student’s t-distribution is a probability distribution used in statistics to estimate population parameters when the sample size is small.
t-test: Definition and Meaning
An overview of the t-test, a statistical hypothesis test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two variables.
Tolerance Interval
Definition and exploration of the term 'tolerance interval' in the field of economics and statistics
Treatment Group
Definition and meaning of the term 'treatment group' in economics, statistics, and experimental research.
Type I and II Errors
An overview of Type I and II errors, their significance in hypothesis testing, and their implications in economic research.
Unbiased Estimator
Explanation and significance of an unbiased estimator in statistics and econometrics
Uniform Distribution
A comprehensive entry on the concept of Uniform Distribution in economics, including its definitions, historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
VAR: Vector Autoregressive Model
An overview of the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, its definitions, contexts, and applications within economics.
Variance in Economic and Financial Analysis
A comprehensive entry on the definition and implications of variance in the realm of economics and finance.
Variance–Covariance Matrix
Overview of the variance–covariance matrix in economics and statistics, covering definitions, concepts, and analysis frameworks.
Weighted Average
An average giving weights to different numbers in proportion to their importance
Binomial Distribution - Definition and Meaning
An in-depth exploration of the binomial distribution, its historical context, definitions, major analytical frameworks, and applications.