Charges levied on individuals or their employers to pay for the costs of social security benefits.
A report on social security prepared by Sir William Beveridge during the Second World War, pivotal to the creation of the post-war welfare state in the UK.
An extensive overview of the term 'benefit(s)' within the realm of economics, covering various types and implications.
An overview of the benefits system, its purpose, various forms, and the economic implications.
A comprehensive exploration of the term claimant, particularly in the context of state benefits, its definitions, historical context, analytical frameworks, and practical applications.
An exploration of government transfer payments: their definitions, framework, and impacts
Assistance under the UK social security system for low-income households to cover rented accommodation costs
An overview of government payments aimed at maintaining individuals’ incomes at a prescribed minimum level.
National Insurance contributions (NICs) are charges levied in the UK to help pay for social security, levied as fixed percentages of wages with exemptions for very low incomes.
An analytical examination of a forecast deficit in pension systems primarily in developed countries due to demographic and social changes.
A term describing an economic system that blends market-based private ownership with significant government intervention in the form of public services and social security.
State payments aimed at ensuring minimum living standards for residents, commonly provided to those over retirement age, the disabled, and others unable to support themselves.
The parts of social security requiring individual contact rather than cash payments
A UK government scheme intended to provide supplementary earnings-related pensions.
A UK social security benefit that was available on a means-tested basis to ensure income did not fall below a certain level.
An overview of universal benefit, its historical context, economic implications, and comparative analysis with means-tested alternatives.
Universal Credit is a welfare benefit paid in the UK to individuals who are on low incomes or are unemployed.
