A scenario where rapid population growth hinders any improvement in living standards due to the necessity of all available savings to maintain the current capital–labour ratio.
An overview of the term 'subsistence level' which refers to the minimum level of consumption required for survival.
Inability to afford an adequate standard of consumption. Variations in definition over countries and time.
An income level supposed to be just enough to avoid less-than-adequate consumption.
A situation in which poverty outcomes reinforce themselves, acting as causes of poverty.
