An explanation of the economic principle of diminishing marginal product, where the addition of successive extra units of an input yields smaller increases in output.
An overview of the marginal conditions for optimality, a fundamental principle in economics that describes the equality of marginal benefit and marginal cost as a characterization of an optimal choice.
The extra output that results from a small increase in an input, formally represented by the partial derivative of a production function with respect to the input's quantity.