Comprehensive overview of the term 'Total Final Expenditure' in economics, its definition, historical context, conceptual background, and more.
An overview of convertible currency and its economic implications.
Overview of the Tokyo Round of international trade talks held under GATT between 1973 and 1979.
The process of reducing or removing restrictions on international trade to promote economic efficiency.
The requirement often included in trade agreements that governments treat the products of foreign firms on an equal basis with those of domestic firms.
Retaliation measures in international trade to deter further restrictions by foreign entities.
A theorem that asserts international trade will equalize the prices of production factors across countries.
Understanding the concept of an optimum tariff and its implications in international trade economics.
A comprehensive insight into the concept of visible trade within economics.
The system of selling exports on credit rather than for cash payment.
An explanation of the Stolper–Samuelson theorem and its impact on income distribution and trade economics.
Definition, historical context, analytical frameworks, and impact of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA)
An overview of the balance of payments, detailing its components, significance, and associated analytical frameworks.
The establishment of a company's office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country for business activities.
A comprehensive overview of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in economics, its historical context, definitions, major frameworks, comparative analysis and further studies.
Goods and services which cannot be traded internationally.
Definition and explanation of liberal trade policy in economics
Economic Obstructions to International Trade Other Than Tariffs
The ratio of an index of a country’s export prices to an index of its import prices.
Understanding the concept of trade deficit, its implications, and its role in economics.
The procedure by which complaints of dumping are investigated and imposition of anti-dumping duties is assessed.
An economically protective tariff levied to shield domestic producers from the adverse effects of dumping.
A comprehensive entry on the concept of balance of trade in economics, outlining its definition, historical context, analytical frameworks, and more.
A situation where trade between two countries must balance or be financed directly between them.
A short-dated security used to finance foreign trade.
An agreement on the liberalization of international trade in farm products between the European Community (EC) and the US.
An overview of the commercial term 'c.i.f.' which stands for Cost, Insurance, and Freight, indicating the seller's responsibility in international shipping.
A document certifying that a good was produced in a given country, often required in free-trade areas to regulate duty-free entry.
An overview of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) and its impact on international trade and conservation.
An economic concept representing the collective preferences of a community in international trade theory, under specific assumptions.
A detailed exploration of the concept of comparative advantage in economics.
An overview of the concept of comparative costs in economics, connecting it to comparative advantage and providing various analytical perspectives.
Analysis of Competitive Devaluation in Economics
An international agreement aimed at ensuring that trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
A form of international trade in which exchanges are conducted via goods and services rather than money.
Comprehensive entry discussing the concept, definition, and context of 'Currency' in economics, especially in international trade.
A comprehensive overview of the economics term 'current account,' including its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
An excess of receipts over expenditure on the current account in a country’s balance of payments.
A refund of customs duty collected on imports, paid when they are re-exported.
An entry outlining the meaning, historical context, analytical frameworks, and related concepts of customs duty, a tax on imports.
A trade agreement by which a group of countries allow free trade among themselves while maintaining a common external tariff on trade with non-members.
An intricate and pivotal round of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) framework that laid the groundwork for contemporary global trade practices.
An agreement between two countries to avoid double taxation of the same income.
The practice of selling goods in a foreign country at unfairly low prices.
A place where goods are imported and re-exported without processing.
An overview of the concept of export concentration, its definition, implications, and analytical frameworks.
An overview of the Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD), its roles in the UK government, and its impact on international trade.
An overview of export promotion, its historical context, definitions, and frameworks in economics.
An exploration of export subsidies in economics, including their definition, historical context, and implications on international trade.
An agency of the US federal government set up to promote US trade by providing finance, guarantees, or insurance for private loans.
An exploration into the acquisition of real assets across borders by residents, entities, or governments.
An examination of the concept, historical development, and analytical frameworks of foreign exchange rates in economics.
Trade in goods and services across national borders. See also exports; imports.
A term referring to a quoted price for goods that are placed on a vessel by the seller, ready to leave a country.
An in-depth look at free-trade agreements, their historical context, analytical frameworks, and case studies
A comprehensive look into the concept of a free-trade area, its definitions, frameworks, and impacts.
An area in a country where national tariffs are exempted to encourage export-oriented industries.
The improvement in welfare resulting from countries trading with one another as opposed to a position of autarchy.
An overview of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), an agency of the United Nations aimed at promoting international trade.
A detailed exploration of the Great Depression, its causes, impacts, and implications across different economic theories.
The tendency for consumers and investors to favor domestic products and investments over foreign ones.
A quantitative limit to imports of certain goods, often implemented to protect domestic industries.
An overview of import restrictions and their economic implications
Goods of types which could be imported, whether or not they actually are.
An exploration of the concept of imports, including visible and invisible imports and their economic significance.
Trading scenario where a country's exports and imports consist of different types of goods, built on differences in factor endowments.
A cooperative arrangement between producing and consuming countries to stabilize market conditions for particular commodities.
An examination of the fundamental practices, historical significance, and diverse analytical approaches to understanding international trade.
Trade where goods of the same classification are both imported and exported.
Invisibles: The term used to describe international trade in services. It encompasses various forms of services where no physical goods are exchanged.
A round of international trade talks held under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1964-1967.
An overview of the concept of labour standards including its meaning, historical context, and associated economic theories.
The ability of traders to bring forward or defer the timing of transactions.
Observation by Wassily Leontief that the US, despite being capital-rich, had exports that were more labor-intensive than its imports, contrary to the Heckscher-Ohlin model's predictions.
Managed trade refers to international trade regulated by government agreements and negotiations rather than market forces.
A condition that ensures devaluation improves a country’s balance of trade.
The part of the balance-of-payments accounts referring to visible trade, or merchandise imports and exports.
Merchant Bank deals mainly with the financing of international activities of firms.
A comprehensive overview of the 'Most Favoured Nation' status in international trade agreements, its historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
A system in which a country’s currency has more than one exchange rate depending on various factors such as the holder of the currency or the purpose of use.
The revival of protectionism with new strategic and economic arguments aimed at enhancing competitive advantage
A comprehensive analysis of the term 'oil embargo' in economic context, focusing on its definitions, impacts, and various economic perspectives.
A detailed analysis of the term 'Open Economy' within economics, including major frameworks and comparative analysis.
An international trade policy framework in which goods and services are taxed in their country of production.
A policy involving the restriction of international trade to protect domestic industries and affect economic factors.
The maximum level of international oil sales allocated to each member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) at its periodic meetings.
Economic significance of raw materials, encompassing their role in production and international trade.
The real effective exchange rate (REER) is the exchange rate of a country’s currency against a weighted combination of other currencies, adjusted for relative consumer prices, and reflects the overall competitiveness of the country.
Definition and meaning of the real exchange rate in economics
The principle in international economic relations where a country treats the nationals of any foreign country in the same way as its residents are treated in that country.
Agreements between groups of countries to trade with each other more freely than with the world in general.
Rules applied in free-trade areas to determine whether goods qualify for duty-free admission.
A comprehensive examination of the term 'soft currency,' its implications, and comparisons within economic frameworks.
An overview and detailed explanation of the Standard International Trade Classification system used for classifying international visible trade.
An in-depth look at strategic trade policy and its implications in international economics.
Goods and services of types which can be traded internationally.
An entry detailing the meaning, implications, and various forms of trade barriers in international economics.
An entry detailing the trade bill, often synonymous with a bill of exchange, from various economic perspectives and contexts.
The effect of a customs union in creating or increasing trade between member countries, resulting in economic welfare improvements.
