International Economics

Export-led Growth
Growth in which exports increase faster than other components of national expenditure.
Bank of Credit and Commerce International
An entry detailing the significance, collapse, and implications of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in the banking sector.
Floating Exchange Rate
An in-depth exploration of the concept of floating exchange rate in economics, including its different forms, analytical frameworks, historical context, and comparative analysis.
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
An analysis of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), focusing on the multinational corporate strategies to minimize tax liabilities by shifting profits to low-tax jurisdictions.
Beggar-my-neighbour Policy
A policy that aims to benefit one country at the expense of others by mitigating economic issues internally, often worsening the issues for trading partners.
Bretton Woods
Discussion of the Bretton Woods conference and the resulting international monetary arrangements established in 1944
Double Taxation
The collection of taxes on the same flow by two tax instruments, often referring to international taxation issues.
Drawing Rights
The right of IMF members to acquire foreign currency from the IMF in exchange for their own currency.
Economic Aid
An overview of economic aid, its forms, and impacts on less developed countries
Exports
Goods and services produced in a country and sold to non-residents. Comprises visible and invisible exports, as well as capital exports.
Foreign Aid
An overview of foreign aid, its purpose, history, and diverse conceptual frameworks within economics.
Foreign Exchange Control
An overview of foreign exchange control in economics, including its definitions, historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
Free Exchange Rate
A comprehensive definition of the term 'Free Exchange Rate' and its economic implications.
General Agreement to Borrow
An agreement made in 1962 by the Group of Ten countries to extend international credit via the International Monetary Fund.
Geysha Bond
A term used in reference to Shogun bonds, which are foreign bonds issued in Japan.
Group of Ten (G10)
An informal group of leading industrial countries that meet periodically to discuss economic problems and policies.
Heckscher–Ohlin Model
A foundational framework in the theory of inter-industry trade, named after its creators, which postulates that differences in relative factor endowments drive international trade patterns.
International Competitiveness: Definition and Meaning
Insights into the concept of international competitiveness, its background, frameworks, and comparative impact in economic theory.
International Economics
A comprehensive overview of international economics, its components, and its significance in global relations.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), its purpose, history, and analytical frameworks.
J-Curve
A model illustrating the delayed effects of devaluation on a country's balance of trade.
Multilateral Trade
Trade involving multiple countries where trade does not need to be balanced bilaterally, facilitated by convertible currencies.
Multilateralism
The belief that international economic relations should be conducted on the basis of equal treatment for all non-nationals.
Overseas Investment
Insights into the concept of overseas investment and its implications in economics.
Payments Union
An arrangement by two or more countries to pool their foreign exchange reserves, aiming to facilitate trade while reducing the total reserves held individually.
Policy Coordination
An exploration of the collaborative effort of policy-making among multiple entities, primarily countries, to achieve better economic outcomes by addressing externality effects.
Smithsonian Parities
New parities for the world’s major currencies agreed at the Smithsonian conference in 1971 to replace the Bretton Woods system.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
An international monetary reserve asset created by the IMF, used to supplement member countries' official reserves and defined as a weighted average of various convertible currencies.
Uncovered Interest Parity
A relationship between domestic and foreign interest rates under the assumption that the forward currency market is not used to hedge exchange rate risk.
Untied Aid
Understanding untied aid, its significance in international economics, and its impact on recipient and donor countries.
Voluntary Export Restraint
An examination of voluntary export restraints (VERs), their purposes, mechanisms, and historical application in international trade.
World Bank
An overview of the World Bank, its purpose, historical context, and its significance in global economics.