An approach to hypothesis testing that assesses which of two hypotheses, the null (H0) or the alternative (H1), is more likely to be correct, considering prior knowledge.
A statistical test where the hypothesis is rejected only for sufficiently large or small values of the test statistic, when the direction of the effect is known beforehand.
The probability that a random draw from the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis would take a value at least as great as the value of the test statistic computed from the sample; the smallest significance level of the test.
The rejection region is a statistical concept used in hypothesis testing, referring to the range of values that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis.