An intensive look into the concept, historical context, and analytical frameworks of public sector debt, also referred to as government debt.
Detailed explanation of the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement in economics
A comprehensive examination of the term 'budget' with a specific focus on its meaning, usage, and theoretical implications in economics.
A limit to spending by some private or public body, where the consequences of breaching it are expected to be significant.
An overview of the Interest Equalization Tax, its historical context, definitions, major analytical frameworks, and further studies
Overview and analysis of the economic concept of over-stimulation
Limits set on overall expenditure in cash terms to enhance efficient use of government and business expenditures.
An overview and in-depth analysis of public expenditure, its types, purposes, and implications in various economic theories.
Economic mechanisms that automatically adjust to counteract economic fluctuations without the need for explicit government intervention.
A balanced budget occurs when total government receipts and expenditure are equal, ensuring no additional government borrowing is required.
Exploring the concept of a balanced budget amendment, its implications, and economic frameworks.
The excess of a government’s total income over its expenditure.
Features of the economy that limit economic fluctuations through routine behaviour, such as tax revenues and unemployment benefits.
The economic phenomenon where an increase in public sector spending may reduce private sector spending.
Exploring the concept of cuts in expenditure, particularly in the context of government spending
A calculation of what the government's budget deficit would be under normal economic conditions, assuming stable rules and rates for spending and taxes.
An economic theory suggesting that government borrowing does not influence overall economic activity when households anticipate future tax liability increases.
The use of monetary and fiscal policy to influence the level of aggregate real effective demand in the economy.
The collection of taxes on the same flow by two tax instruments, often referring to international taxation issues.
A linkage between a particular tax and a particular type of state expenditure.
A detailed exploration of the concept of easy fiscal policy in economic theory and practice.
A comprehensive entry on the concept of economic planning, covering definitions, historical contexts, major analytical frameworks, and more.
A comprehensive overview of economic policy, its components, and analytical frameworks used to regulate economic activity.
A grant provided by central government to address income disparities among local authorities by compensating those with lower taxable capacities.
An economic policy intended to change total expenditure through various fiscal and monetary measures.
An entry discussing the various devices used to encourage exports in different countries.
An insight into the financial year, its definitions, contexts, and implications in economics.
An explanation of fiscal drag and its implications in progressive tax systems.
A systematic misperception of the tax burden by taxpayers causing distorted democratic decisions on fiscal issues.
The aim of devising a fiscal system which does not cause distortions in the economy.
The use of taxation and government spending to influence the economy.
An entry on the concept of fiscal stance, examining its meaning, historical context, analytical frameworks, and comparative analysis.
The spending of general government on real goods and services, excluding investment.
An in-depth examination of government debt, its definitions, implications, and analytical frameworks.
An overview of government expenditure, its components, and analytical frameworks
Detailed analysis and implications of the US Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, also known as Gramm–Rudman–Hollings.
Recession following a period of excess demand and inflation caused by severe fiscal and monetary restraints.
An overview of income tax, its calculation, and implications.
A detailed exploration of the inflation-adjusted budget deficit, its concepts, analysis across economic schools of thought, and contextual applications.
An economic theory focusing on the role of aggregate demand in influencing economic outcomes, developed by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s.
An overview of Keynesian unemployment, its origins, concepts, and mitigating policies
A curve illustrating the relationship between tax rates and tax revenue.
A comprehensive overview of lump-sum tax, its implications in economics, and related concepts.
An exploration of macroeconomic policy, its objectives, tools, and frameworks.
The component of government expenditure that the government is legally required to execute.
An independent agency created in 2010 to provide authoritative analysis of the UK’s public finances.
An exploration of the collaborative effort of policy-making among multiple entities, primarily countries, to achieve better economic outcomes by addressing externality effects.
A policy measure under the control of the monetary or fiscal authorities.
An overview of the proportional tax system where the tax rate remains constant regardless of the taxable amount.
The amount the UK government has to borrow each year when the government’s expenditure exceeds its income.
The theory and application of government intervention through temporary spending to stimulate economic recovery.
A financial mechanism in the UK where central government provided grants to local authorities from 1967 to 1990 to supplement their revenues.
The policy combination of tight monetary policy to discourage inflation and lax public finance to encourage real growth during Ronald Reagan's presidency.
A comprehensive examination of reflation as an economic policy tool, its historical context, theoretical frameworks, and comparative analysis.
A system that autonomously returns to equilibrium after deviations.
A successful stabilization programme that achieves price stability without causing a recession.
A tax levied as a fixed sum on each physical unit of the good taxed, regardless of its price.
An overview and in-depth analysis of tax credits, their criteria, and impacts within various economic frameworks.
A fiscal policy approach that aims to restrict effective demand through high taxes or low public spending.
Treasuries serve as the primary federal agency responsible for implementing the government's economic policies.
An overview of unconditional grants, including their definition, historical context, and use in economic frameworks.
The system by which the UK Parliament is presented with a budget covering both government spending and tax plans, to be considered together.
An overview of the United States budget deficit, its historical trends, causes, and economic implications.
A comprehensive entry on the value-added tax (VAT), its meaning, historical context, definitions, analytical frameworks, and related concepts.
Medium-Term Financial Strategy (MTFS) is a policy adopted by the UK government in 1980 aimed at controlling inflation through long-term reductions in government borrowing and money supply growth.
