Exchange Rates

Monetary Union
An overview of the economic term 'monetary union', including meaning, history, and key concepts.
Floating Exchange Rate
An in-depth exploration of the concept of floating exchange rate in economics, including its different forms, analytical frameworks, historical context, and comparative analysis.
Adjustable Peg
A system where countries stabilize their exchange rates around par values with the right to change these values when necessary.
Big Mac Index
Big Mac Index, a measure introduced by The Economist in 1986, compares exchange rates to the cost of a Big Mac in different countries, illustrating purchasing power parity theory.
Covered Interest Parity
An economic concept that ensures the equality of returns on investments in different currencies when adjusted for forward exchange rates, preventing arbitrage opportunities.
Crawling Peg Exchange Rates
A form of a fixed exchange rate regime with controlled rate changes rather than fixed levels.
Economic Policy Target
An aim of economic policy encompassing objectives such as high employment levels, sustainable growth, and stable inflation rates.
Effective Exchange Rate
A country's exchange rate calculated as a weighted average of its bilateral nominal exchange rates against other currencies.
Gold Points
The values of exchange rates under the gold standard at which it became profitable to ship gold from one country to another.
Gold Standard
A comprehensive overview of the gold standard, its history, conceptual framework, and analytical implications in economics.
Imported Inflation
Examining the phenomenon of imported inflation and its impact on domestic price levels.
Louvre Accord
An agreement reached in February 1987 between the G6 industrial countries concerning exchange rates stabilization.
Multiple Exchange Rates
A system in which a country’s currency has more than one exchange rate depending on various factors such as the holder of the currency or the purpose of use.
Realignment of Exchange Rates
A detailed examination of the realignment of exchange rates, including its historical application and impact within economic systems.
Smithsonian Agreement
An agreement reached in 1971 attempting to restore a Bretton Woods-style system of pegged exchange rates.
Sterling
Detailed entry on the definition, meaning, and historical context of the term 'Sterling' in economics.
Target Zone
A specified range within which a country seeks to maintain its exchange rate, either through strict or relaxed central bank intervention.
Uncovered Interest Parity
A relationship between domestic and foreign interest rates under the assumption that the forward currency market is not used to hedge exchange rate risk.
Under-Valued Currency
A detailed exploration of the concept of an under-valued currency, its consequences, causes, and related economic aspects.