The ability to produce an output using fewer inputs than other producers.
An in-depth look into the term 'absorption' within the context of national accounts and economic analysis.
Abstinence in economic context refers to refraining from or postponing consumption.
A comprehensive analysis of the term 'abuse of dominant position' within economics, mainly concerning anti-competitive business practices by market-dominant firms.
Exploring the meaning and implications of acceptance in the context of a bill of exchange.
A policy of allowing the supply of money to expand in line with the demand for it, balancing economic growth and inflation.
A comprehensive overview of the term 'accounting,' including its subfields and applications within economic theory.
The period of time, normally a year, to which a set of company accounts refers.
Accounting profit is the level of profit calculated using standard accounting principles.
A comprehensive explanation of accounts and accountability within environmental economics.
An entry describing the concept of Accounts Payable, its meaning, and relevance in economics.
The fraction used to express the rate of increase of the pension entitlement in a final salary scheme.
Expansion of a company through the purchase of another business, including the outlined terms and governing rules.
An approach to the construction of a consumer price index focusing on the acquisition of consumption goods and services.
Government interventions aimed at assisting the unemployed to find work, including job centres, training schemes, and employment subsidies.
An estimate of a random variable used in financial calculations, prominently in insurance, determining premiums or benefits using statistical data.
Policies and actions to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of climate change.
An entry explaining the principle of adaptive expectations in economics.
Exploration of the term 'Adjustment' in economics, its definitions, applications, and contrasting perspectives.
The costs associated with making changes in economic variables controlled by economic agents.
Detailed exploration of bank advances, their definitions, types, and implications in the context of economic lending practices.
Understanding the nuances of 'Advantage' in economic frameworks, including absolute and comparative advantage.
Activity designed to attract attention, inform, and persuade potential customers to buy products or services
An in-depth look into after-tax income, including its meaning, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
An analysis of the agency costs in economic theory, their implications, and associated frameworks.
An examination of the agency problem, defined as the difficulties encountered when a principal delegates a task to an agent, highlighting issues of asymmetric information and incomplete contracts.
An exploration of agency theory, focusing on the contractual relationship between a principal and an agent, asymmetric information, and incentive mechanisms.
Explanation of agglomeration economies, their historical relevance, analytical frameworks, and case studies.
An in-depth explanation of aggregate demand, its components, and significance in both closed and open economies.
A comprehensive entry exploring the concept of aggregate demand schedule in economics, including definitions, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
An Overview of the Aggregate Production Function in Economics
The process of summing individual values into a total value, used in various economic contexts such as aggregate demand and aggregate capital stock.
An exploration of the conceptual difficulties inherent in using aggregate values to represent the total of individual values in economic analysis.
Aid provided in the form of goods or services rather than in the form of money.
Anomalies in expected utility theory and its implications on decision making under risk.
A comprehensive explanation of the Almon distributed lag model in econometrics.
An In-depth Exploration of Almost Sure Convergence in the Field of Economics
Exploration of altruism in economics, its implications on traditional economic theories, and various analytical perspectives.
A comprehensive definition and exploration of the economic term 'amalgamation,' also known as merger.
A principle in US law ensuring ambiguities in insurance contracts are interpreted in favor of the insured.
Comprehensive entry on the American Economic Association (AEA), its purpose, history, and influence on economic research and practice.
Explanation of amortization—the gradual buildup of a fund to replace an asset or repay a loan over a period.
An economic concept introduced by John Maynard Keynes that refers to the instincts and emotions that influence human behavior in economic decision-making.
The effect of a policy change announcement prior to its actual implementation on economic behavior, contingent on the credibility of the policy-maker.
Definition and Meaning of Annual Population Survey
Detailed account of a company's or organization's activities and financial performance over the past financial year.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Annualized Percentage Rate (APR) of interest, its calculations, importance, and applications in economics.
Economic choices unexplained by standard choice theory that have led to the development of behavioral economics.
Practices that reduce the degree of competition in a market including price fixing, dumping, regulations, and monopolization.
The procedure by which complaints of dumping are investigated and imposition of anti-dumping duties is assessed.
Policies and strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating pollution.
An overview of anticipated inflation within the broader concept of expected inflation, including definitions, historical context, and major analytical frameworks in economics.
A financial strategy involving the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in different markets to profit from price differences.
Exploring the definition and meaning of an arbitrageur in economics, including its contexts and implications.
The price at which two unrelated parties would agree upon for a transaction free of any duress, used especially for taxation and transfer pricing purposes.
An examination of assembly line production and its implications in economics.
The incentive to hold money as a store of value based on economic conditions.
Understanding the dynamics and significance of asset prices in economics.
The process of dividing up the assets of a company for higher value gain compared to their combined worth.
Possessions of value, both real and financial, that are owned by individuals or entities.
Definition and analysis of asymmetric shocks in economics
A comprehensive overview of the role of an auctioneer in managing the bidding process.
The state or condition of economic independence and self-sufficiency, characterized by the absence of trade.
Definition and analysis of authorized capital in economics and corporate finance.
A comprehensive dictionary entry for the economic term 'autocorrelation,' examining its definition, historical context, and relevance across various economic frameworks.
A sequence of autocovariances of a covariance stationary time series process as a function of the lag length.
Understanding autonomous consumption - the component of consumption that is independent of current income.
A comprehensive dictionary entry on the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA (p, q)) model utilized in time series analysis within economics.
Total cost of production divided by quantity produced, combining both average fixed cost and average variable cost.
A policy of setting prices to cover average costs, often used by government-controlled or non-profit entities.
Definition and analysis of the term "average earnings scheme," including its practical applications and relevance in economics.
Understanding the Average Tax Rate in Economic Terms
The observation that whenever the profit-to-capital ratio of a company is regulated, it has an incentive to over-invest in capital, resulting in inefficiently high levels of capital accumulation.
An economic term referring to costs that can be eliminated by ceasing an activity or production.
Exploring the concept of avoidance, with a focus on its applications within economics and tax policy, and its differentiation from evasion.
A logical starting point used in economic deduction without needing proof or demonstration.
A set of basic concepts characterizing rational preferences in economics.
The conduct of monetary policy through channels that are not publicly observable.
The expansion of a firm’s activities to include the production of inputs formerly sourced from outside.
A situation in which the futures price of a commodity is lower than the spot price.
An extensive overview of the term 'balance' and its different contextual applications within the field of economics, such as external balance, internal balance, and invisible balance.
A comprehensive entry on the concept of balance of trade in economics, outlining its definition, historical context, analytical frameworks, and more.
An in-depth exploration of balance-of-payments crisis, its causes, remedies, and implications in various economic frameworks.
An economic equilibrium where major aggregate variables grow at a consistent rate over time.
Baltic Free Trade Agreement - A free trade agreement between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania established in 1993 and remaining in place until the three countries joined the European Union in 2004.
The scale of the neighbourhood of a point used in non-parametric estimation of a function
An exploration into the concept of bank deposits, their historical context, and relevance in various economic theories.
Definition and meaning of the Bank of England as the central bank of the United Kingdom.
The application to banks of public controls stricter than those on businesses in general, justified by concerns that bank failures may disrupt the economy more profoundly than other business failures.
An examination of bank runs, a situation characterized by massive withdrawals from a bank due to a loss of confidence from depositors.
The provision of payments facilities, credit, and capital to individuals, firms, and the government.
The ability to obtain a large share of the possible joint benefits to be derived from any agreement.
An exploration of the term bargaining in economics, including its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
A comprehensive overview of barriers to entry that obstruct new firms from entering a market or new workers from competing for employment.
Obstacles that make it costly for a firm to exit a market, thereby intensifying competition.
An overview of the concept of barter, its historical context, definitions, and related analytical frameworks.
An overview of the term 'base money,' also known as the monetary base, and its significance in economics.
