The part of a company's net assets that exceed the share capital contributed by shareholders, typically arising from various sources and generally retained rather than distributed as dividends.
A secured loan instrument raised by a company, typically with fixed interest and sometimes with a fixed redemption date; it defines the rights of debenture holders in different scenarios.
The time period firms require to earn the cost of new equipment in profits for investment purposes, not always an economically rational investment criterion.
A comprehensive definition and exploration of 'Share Option,' its significance, historical context, and comparative analysis across various schools of economic thought.