Resources made available for other purposes due to reductions in defense expenditure as a result of international peace.
The highest point in the business cycle signaling the transition from expansion to contraction.
A pricing strategy where higher prices are charged during peak-demand periods to reflect the increased costs of providing capacity.
An externality that is felt through prices rather than quantities, accompanying phenomena like immigration affecting labor markets.
An approach to arbitration where the arbitrator selects either one of the proposals without modification, designed to discourage unreasonable demands from both parties.
A comprehension of pensions as a form of regular income for retirees, provided by the state, former employers, or personal pension funds.
An analytical examination of a forecast deficit in pension systems primarily in developed countries due to demographic and social changes.
An overview of pension funds, their function, governance, and influence in various economic frameworks
Definition and meaning of pension rights in economics
Definition and meaning of a pension scheme, a retirement plan managed by individual companies, different schemes, and funding mechanisms.
The age at which a pension becomes payable, either from the state or an occupational pension scheme. It varies by occupation, country, and sometimes by gender.
The central bank of the People’s Republic of China, playing a vital role in the formulation and implementation of monetary policies, oversight of the financial markets, and several other key financial functions.
