Background
Non-systematic risk, also known as idiosyncratic risk, refers to the risk inherent to a specific company or industry. This type of risk is distinct from systematic risk, which affects the entire market. Non-systematic risk can be mitigated or eliminated through diversification.
Historical Context
The concept of non-systematic risk emerged alongside portfolio theory in the 1950s and 1960s. Pioneers like Harry Markowitz, who developed the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), highlighted the importance of diversification in minimizing non-systematic risk.
Definitions and Concepts
Non-systematic risk, or idiosyncratic risk, is the risk associated with individual assets, such as a particular company’s stock. These risks include business risks and financial risks unique to the specific asset rather than the market as a whole.
Major Analytical Frameworks
Classical Economics
Classical economists did not focus deeply on the concept of non-systematic risk, as their analyses were often centered on broader, systematic factors like market equilibrium and total production.
Neoclassical Economics
Neoclassical Economics similarly did not incorporate non-systematic risk in a structured way, as the focus remained on aggregates and the behavior of rational individuals in markets.
Keynesian Economics
The Keynesian school, with its emphasis on macroeconomic aggregates, also did not place significant emphasis on non-systematic risk. However, individual investment decisions can be influenced by idiosyncratic factors that drive investor behavior in a Keynesian framework.
Marxian Economics
From a Marxian perspective, risks would be analyzed concerning the dynamics of capitalist production and inherent contradictions, rather than through individual assets’ risks.
Institutional Economics
Institutional economists might examine non-systematic risk as part of the broader role institutions play in shaping economic outcomes, focusing on how institutional structures can amplify or mitigate these risks.
Behavioral Economics
Behavioral economists have delved into how individual perceptions and irrational behaviors influence non-systematic risks, recognizing that psychological factors play a significant role in how these risks are evaluated and managed.
Post-Keynesian Economics
Post-Keynesian economics would consider non-systematic risks from a broader strategic perspective, recognizing the impact of these risks on long-term investment and capital accumulation.
Austrian Economics
Austrians would emphasize the entrepreneurial nature of non-systematic risk, arguing that the uncertainty associated with individual ventures drives innovation and economic dynamism.
Development Economics
Development economists may explore how non-systematic risks affect developing economies uniquely, particularly as businesses grow and face industry-specific shocks.
Monetarism
Monetarist frameworks typically do not focus on non-systematic risk, as their analyses tend to concentrate on macroeconomic variables like the money supply and inflation.
Comparative Analysis
Non-systematic risk contrasts notably with systematic risk, which cannot be diversified away. While non-systematic risks can be managed through diversification, systematic risks require different strategies.
Case Studies
Case studies might include the collapse of specific companies like Enron or Lehman Brothers, where internal, non-systematic factors predominantly influenced their downfall and could have been diversified away by investors.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis” by Edwin J. Elton and Martin J. Gruber
- “A Random Walk Down Wall Street” by Burton Malkiel
- “Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk” by Peter L. Bernstein
Related Terms with Definitions
- Systematic Risk: The risk inherent to the entire market or market segment.
- Diversification: An investment strategy to reduce exposure to non-systematic risk by investing in a variety of assets.
- Beta: A measure of an asset’s systematic risk relative to the market.
- Market Risk: The risk associated with market movement affecting the value of assets.
