The strategic model in which sections of the UK National Health Service (NHS) charge each other for services to foster competition and resource efficiency.
The territories of all European Union (EU) member states viewed as a single integrated market.
The US federal government organization responsible for assessing and collecting personal and business federal taxes.
Methods for incorporating external costs or benefits into decision-making processes.
An independent body responsible for developing the International Financial Reporting Standards.
An international financial institution established in 1946 to promote economic recovery and development, particularly in least developed countries (LDCs).
A collusion or explicit agreement among firms from two or more countries on prices, market shares, allocation of customers, division of profits, etc., intended to reduce competition and increase profits.
A cooperative arrangement between producing and consuming countries to stabilize market conditions for particular commodities.
Insights into the concept of international competitiveness, its background, frameworks, and comparative impact in economic theory.
A comprehensive overview of international debt, its forms, and its implications in economics.
Understanding the International Development Association (IDA), its role, historical context, and impact on economic development.
A comprehensive overview of international economics, its components, and its significance in global relations.
