The concept and implications of government provision of goods and services directly to citizens instead of monetary benefits.
An overview of the benefits system, its purpose, various forms, and the economic implications.
A framework in welfare economics that represents collective preferences and societal well-being.
An overview of Bertrand competition, focusing on its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Definition and meaning of the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) in statistics and econometrics.
Definition and meaning of the Beta Coefficient in economics and finance.
Shares in the second rank for frequency of trading on a stock exchange
An estimator of the parameters in a linear regression model with panel data, using the time averages of the data for each cross-section unit.
Definition and meaning of bid–ask spread in financial markets, detailing its significance and implications.
Definition and meaning of the economic term 'Big Bang,' emphasizing the argument for rapid reforms.
A term used to describe either the four largest UK 'high street' banks or the four largest accounting firms.
